Vokabeltexte Chinesisch/ Vokabellektionen/ Lektion 690
Zeichen
Bearbeiten| Zeichen | Pinyin | Übersetzung | Lernhilfen |
|---|---|---|---|
穰 |
rang2 | reichlich, opulent, zehnquadrilliarden (10.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000, 10^28), Unheil durch Gebete abwenden | wiktionary Etymologie: |
苴 |
ju1 | Graseinlage, Schuheinlage | wiktionary Etymologie:   
|
膑 |
bin4 | Kniescheibe | wiktionary Etymologie: |
尉 |
wei4 | Offizier, beruhigen | wiktionary Etymologie: |
缭 |
liao2 | verheddern, umwickeln, verwickeln, mit einer Nadel nähen, mit schrägen Stichen nähen | wiktionary Etymologie: |
Zusammengesetzte Wörter
Bearbeiten| Zeichen | Pinyin | Übersetzung |
|---|---|---|
苴麻 |
ju1 ma2 | female hemp plant (Cannabis sativa) |
司马穰苴 |
Si1 ma3 Rang2 ju1 | 齐国[Qi2 guo2] and author of “Methods of Sima” 司馬法|司马法[Si1 ma3 Fa3], one of the Seven Military Classics of ancient China 武經七書|武经七书[Wu3 jing1 Qi1 shu1] |
司馬穰苴 |
Si1 ma3 Rang2 ju1 | 齐国[Qi2 guo2] and author of “Methods of Sima” 司馬法|司马法[Si1 ma3 Fa3], one of the Seven Military Classics of ancient China 武經七書|武经七书[Wu3 jing1 Qi1 shu1] |
| Zeichen | Pinyin | Übersetzung |
|---|---|---|
孙膑 |
sun1 bin4 | Sun Bin |
膑刑 |
bin4 xing2 | removal of the kneecaps (punishment) |
孙膑兵法 |
Sun1 Bin4 Bing1 fa3 | Sun Bin's "The Art of War" |
| Zeichen | Pinyin | Übersetzung |
|---|---|---|
准尉 |
zhun3 wei4 | Warrant Officer |
準尉 |
zhun3 wei4 | (traditionelle Schreibweise von 准尉), Warrant Officer |
尉官 |
wei4 guan1 | Offiziere unterer Rangstufen |
少尉 |
shao4 wei4 | Leutnant |
尉迟 |
yu4 chi2 | Yuchi |
上尉 |
shang4 wei4 | Hauptmann |
尉犁 |
yu4 li2 | Yuli (Ort in Xinjiang) |
中尉 |
zhong1 wei4 | Oberleutnant |
校尉 |
xiao4 wei4 | Korporal |
尉氏 |
wei4 shi4 | Weishi (Ort in Henan) |
廷尉 |
ting2 wei4 | Tingwei - Justizminister (Beamtentitel der 秦Qin2-Zeit) |
太尉 |
tai4 wei4 | Taiwei; Kriegsminister, Taiwei; Oberbefehlshaber, Taiwei; Oberstkommandierender |
骑都尉 |
qi2 du1 wei4 | Kavalleriehauptmann |
騎都尉 |
qi2 du1 wei4 | (traditionelle Schreibweise von 骑都尉), Kavalleriehauptmann |
尉迟恭 |
yu4 chi2 gong1 | Yuchi Gong (einer der Türhüter, die auf Yamentüren abgebildet sind), Yuchi Jingde(585-658), formal name Yuchi Gongbut went by the courtesy name of Jingde, formally Duke Zhongwu of E, was a general of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty whose bravery later caused him to be incorporated into Chinese folk religion as a door god, along with Qin Shubao. (Wikipedia) |
尉犁县 |
yu4 li2 xian4 | Kreis Lopnur (Provinz Xinjiang, China) |
尉犁縣 |
yu4 li2 xian4 | (traditionelle Schreibweise von 尉犁县), Kreis Lopnur (Provinz Xinjiang, China) |
| Zeichen | Pinyin | Übersetzung |
|---|---|---|
缭绕 |
liao2 rao4 | in Spiralen aufsteigen |
缭乱 |
liao2 luan4 | dazzled, confused |
尉缭 |
Wei4 Liao2 | 尉缭子[Wei4 Liao2 zi5] text on military strategy |
缭边儿 |
liao2 bian1 r5 | to stitch a hem |
尉缭子 |
Wei4 Liao2 zi5 | 武经七书[Wu3 jing1 Qi1 shu1], possibly written by Wei Liao 尉繚|尉缭[Wei4 Liao2] during the Warring States Period (475-220 BC) |
眼花缭乱 |
yan3 hua1 liao2 luan4 | schwindlig vor Augen sein, (vor Faszination) wie geblendet sein |
令人眼花缭乱 |
ling4 ren2 yan3 hua1 liao2 luan4 | schwindelerregend, schwindlig werden |
Sätze und Ausdrücke
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einsortieren
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名绍，字本初，见为司隶校尉 |
ming2 shao4 ， zi4 ben3 chu1 ， jian4/xian4 wei2/wei4 si1 li4 jiao4/xiao4 wei4 | his given name was Shao; his style name was Benchu. He was currently serving as Colonel Director of Retainers. ( Wikisource: Romance of the Three Kingdoms 三國演義/第002回) |
因黄巾起，拜为骑都尉 |
yin1 huang2 jin1 qi3 ， bai4 wei2/wei4 qi2 dou1/du1 wei4 | Because the Yellow Turbans had begun their campaign, he was made Captain of the Cavalry (Wikisource: Romance of the Three Kingdoms 三國演義/第001回) |
勒令指称县尉害民 |
le4/lei1 ling4 zhi3 cheng1 xian4 wei4 hai4 min2 | (... and) forced him to testify that the county magistrate had caused harm to the people ( Wikisource: Romance of the Three Kingdoms 三國演義/第002回) |
A大喜，令B为都尉 |
A da4 xi3 ， ling4 B wei2/wei4 dou1/du1 wei4 | A was overjoyed; he issued an order for B to be made a captain ( Wikisource: Romance of the Three Kingdoms 三國演義/第002回) |
刘虞平寇有功，封太尉 |
liu2 yu2 ping2 kou4 you3 gong1 ， feng1 tai4 wei4 | For his role in putting down the bandits, Liu Yu was made Grand Commandant. ( Wikisource: Romance of the Three Kingdoms 三國演義/第002回) |
官拜骑都尉 |
guan1 bai4 qi2 dou1/du1 wei4 | His official title was Captain of the Cavalry (Wikisource: Romance of the Three Kingdoms 三國演義/第001回) |
仅得县尉 |
jin3 de2/de5/dei3 xian4 wei4 | but you have only been granted the position of county magistrate ( Wikisource: Romance of the Three Kingdoms 三國演義/第002回) |
迁高堂尉 |
qian1 gao1 tang2 wei4 | he was later made a military commander in Gaotang County ( Wikisource: Romance of the Three Kingdoms 三國演義/第002回) |
赫连皇甫 尉迟公羊 |
he4 lian2 huang2 fu3 wei4 chi2/zhi4 gong1 yang2 | (Hundert Familiennamen) |
见为司隶校尉 |
jian4/xian4 wei2/wei4 si1 li4 jiao4/xiao4 wei4 | He was currently serving as Colonel Director of Retainers. ( Wikisource: Romance of the Three Kingdoms 三國演義/第002回) |
因此玄德除授定州中山府安喜县尉 |
yin1 ci3 xuan2 de2 chu2 shou4 ding4 zhou1 zhong1/zhong4 shan1/shan5 fu3 an1 xi3 xian4 wei4 | Because of this, Xuande was made magistrate of Anxi county, which was under the jurisdiction of the Zhongshan government seat ( Wikisource: Romance of the Three Kingdoms 三國演義/第002回) |
荐为校尉 |
jian4 wei2/wei4 jiao4/xiao4 wei4 | he was recommended for the position of captain ( Wikisource: Romance of the Three Kingdoms 三國演義/第002回) |
刘县尉是何出身？ |
liu2 xian4 wei4 shi4 he2 chu1 shen1 ？ | County magistrate Liu, what is your family background? ( Wikisource: Romance of the Three Kingdoms 三國演義/第002回) |
司隶校尉袁绍入见进曰： |
si1 li4 jiao4/xiao4 wei4 yuan2 shao4 ru4 jian4/xian4 jin4 yue1 ： | Colonel Director of Retainers Yuan Shao came in to see Jin, and said: ( Wikisource: Romance of the Three Kingdoms 三國演義/第002回) |
司徒A,太尉B，左军校尉C，右军校尉D，后军校尉E，中军校尉F |
si1 tu2 A, tai4 wei4 B， zuo3 jun1 jiao4/xiao4 wei4 C， you4 jun1 jiao4/xiao4 wei4 D， hou4 jun1 jiao4/xiao4 wei4 E， zhong1/zhong4 jun1 jiao4/xiao4 wei4 F | Minister over the Masses A, Grand Commandant B, captain of the left army C, captain of the right army D, captain of the rear army E, and captain of the middle army F (Wikisource: Romance of the Three Kingdoms 三國演義/第003回) |
后军校尉A，来见B，言C必有异心，可速除之 |
hou4 jun1 jiao4/xiao4 wei4 A， lai2 jian4/xian4 B， yan2 C bi4 you3 yi4 xin1 ， ke3/ke4 su4 chu2 zhi1 | Captain of the rear army A came to see B, and told him that C must have some ulterior motive, and that they should get rid of him (Wikisource: Romance of the Three Kingdoms 三國演義/第003回) |
封A为骑都尉中郎将都<stadt>侯 |
feng1 A wei2/wei4 qi2 dou1/du1 wei4 zhong1/zhong4 lang2/lang4 jiang1/jiang4 dou1/du1 <stadt> hou2 | He made A captain of the cavalry and captain of the imperial guard, and also gave him the title of Marquis of the Capital City <stadt>. (Wikisource: Romance of the Three Kingdoms 三國演義/第003回) |
國無尉，其誰可而為之？ |
guo2 wu2 wei4 ， qi2 shei2 ke3/ke4 er2 wei2/wei4 zhi1 ？ | Es fehlt ein Feldherr im Staate. Wer ist geeignet für die Stelle? (Lü Bu We Richard Wilhelm) |
中军校尉A挺身出曰： |
zhong1/zhong4 jun1 jiao4/xiao4 wei4 A ting3 shen1 chu1 yue1 ： | Then A, captain of the middle army, stood up and said (Wikisource: Romance of the Three Kingdoms 三國演義/第003回) |
居有间，A公又问B曰：“国无尉，其谁可而为之？”对曰：“C可。”平公曰：“C非子之子邪？”对曰：“君问可，非问臣之子也。”A公曰：“善。”又遂用之。国人称善焉。 |
ju1 you3 jian1 ，A gong1 you4 wen4 B yue1 ：“ guo2 wu2 wei4 ， qi2 shei2 ke3/ke4 er2 wei2/wei4 zhi1 ？” dui4 yue1 ：“C ke3/ke4 。” ping2 gong1 yue1 ：“C fei1 zi5 zhi1 zi5 xie2 ？” dui4 yue1 ：“ jun1 wen4 ke3/ke4 ， fei1 wen4 chen2 zhi1 zi5 ye3 。”A gong1 yue1 ：“ shan3/shan4 。” you4 sui4 yong4 zhi1 。 guo2 ren2 cheng1 shan3/shan4 yan1 。 | Nach einer Weile fragte der Herzog A wiederum den B und sprach: »Es fehlt ein Feldherr im Staate. Wer ist geeignet für die Stelle?« Er erwiderte: »C ist geeignet.« Der Herzog A sprach: »Ist denn C nicht Euer Sohn?« Er erwiderte: »Eure Hoheit fragen, wer geeignet sei, nicht darnach, wer mein Sohn sei.« Der Herzog A sprach: »Gut« und stellte ihn ebenfalls daraufhin an. Wieder waren alle Bürger des Staates mit ihm zufrieden. (Lü Bu We Richard Wilhelm)
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Texte
BearbeitenHan Titel
BearbeitenAuszug aus der englischen Wikipedia: Translation of Han dynasty titles
| Chinesisch | englische Übersetzungen |
|---|---|
| 博士 | Erudit, Academician |
| 城門校尉 | Colonel of the City Gates, Commandant of the Capital Gates |
| 刺史 | (Regional) Inspector |
| 從事 | Attendant Clerk, Attendant Official, Assistant Officer, Retainer |
| 大夫 | Grandee, Counsellor, Grand Master |
| 大將軍 | General-in-chief, Grand General |
| 大理 | Grand Judge, Chamberlain for Law Enforcement, Superintendent of Trials |
| 大司馬 | Commander-in-chief, Grand Minister of War, Grand Marshal, Marshal of State |
| 大司農 | Grand Minister of Agriculture, Minister of Finance, Chamberlain for the National Treasury, Superintendent of Agriculture |
| 大行令 | (Prefect) Grand Usher, Prefect of the Grand March, Director of Messengers, Superintendent of State Visits |
| 典客 | Director of Guests, Chamberlain for Dependencies, Superintendent of State Visits |
| 典屬國 | Director of Dependent States, Supervisor of Dependent Countries |
| 都尉 | (Chief) Commandant, Defender (in the provinces) |
| 奉常 | Upholder of Ceremonies, Minister of Imperial Ancestral Ceremonies, Chamberlain for Ceremonials, Superintendent of Ceremonial |
| 奉車都尉 | Chief Commandant of Imperial Equipages, Chief Commandant Custodian of the Imperial Equipages, Commandant of the Equipage, Commandant-in-Chief of Chariots |
| 符節令 | Prefect of Insignia and Credentials, Prefect of Tallies and Credentials, Manager of Credentials |
| 功曹[史] | (Officer of the) Bureau of Merit, Merit Evaluator, Officer of Merit, Labor Section Serviceman |
| 公車[司馬]令 | Prefect of the Majors in Charge of Official Carriages, Prefect of Official Carriage's at the Major's Gate, Prefect of the Majors for Official Carriages, Director of Gate Traffic Control, Director of Official Carriages |
| 黃門侍郎 | Gentleman(-in-Attendance) of the Yellow Gates, (Attendant) Gentleman at the Yellow Gate, Gentleman Attendant at the Palace Gate |
| 騎都尉 | (Chief) Commandant of Cavalry |
| 祭酒 | Libationer, Chancellor of the National University |
| 將作大匠 | Court Architect, Grand Court Architect, Chamberlain for the Palace Buildings |
| 九卿 | Nine Chamberlains, Nine Ministers (of State) |
| 令 | Prefect, (County) magistrate, Director |
| 牧 | Shepherd, (Regional) Governor, Regional Commissioner |
| 三公 | Three Excellencies, Three Ducal Ministers, Three Dukes |
| 尚書 | Master of Writing, Minister of Writing, (Imperial) Secretariat, Chief Steward for Writing, Imperial Secretary |
| 少府 | Privy Treasurer, Minister of the Privy Treasury, Minister Steward, Chamberlain of the Palace Revenues, Superintendent of the Lesser Treasury |
| 侍御史 | Attending Secretary, Attendant Imperial Secretary, Imperial Clerk, Attendant Censor, Secretary in Attendance on the Imperial Counsellor |
| 侍中 | Palace Attendant |
| 水衡都尉 | Chief Commandant of Water(s) and Parks, Commandant of the Imperial Gardens, Superintendent of Waterways and Parks |
| 司空 | Minister of Works, Excellency of Works, Imperial Counsellor, |
| 司馬 | Commander, Major |
| 司徒 | Minister over the Masses, Minister of the Masses, Excellency over the Masses, Minister of Education, Chancellor |
| 太常 | Grand Master/Minister of Ceremonies, Minister of Ceremonies, Chamberlain of Ceremonials, Superintendent of Ceremonial |
| 太傅 | Grand Tutor, Grand Mentor, Senior Tutor |
| 太官[令] | ((Prefect) Grand) Provisioner, Court Provisioner |
| 太史令 | (Prefect) Grand Astrologer, Prefect of the Grand Clerks, Court Astronomer, Director of Astronomy |
| 太守 | (Grand) Administrator, Governor, Grand Protector |
| 太尉 | Grand Commandant, Defender-in-Chief, Supreme Commander |
| 太學 | Academy, Imperial University, Grand College, National University |
| 太醫令 | Prefect (of the) Grand Physicians, Court Physician, Imperial Physician, Director of the Physicians-in-Chief |
| 太中大夫 | Grand Palace Grandee, Palace Counsellor, Superior Grand Master of the Palace, Grand Counsellor of the Palace |
| 太子少傅 | Junior Tutor of the Heir Apparent, Lesser Tutor of the Heir Apparent, Junior Mentor of the Heir Apparent |
| 太子太傅 | Grand Tutor of the Heir-apparent, Grand Mentor of the Heir Apparent, Senior Tutor to the Heir Apparent |
| 廷尉 | Commandant of Justice, Minister of Justice, Chamberlain for Law Enforcement, Superintendent of Trials |
| 五官中郎將 | General of the Gentlemen-of-the-Household for All Purposes, General of the Palace Gentlemen of the Five Offices, General of the Household for All Purposes, Leader of the Court Gentlemen for Miscellaneous Uses, Leader of the Gentlemen of the Palace, all purposes |
| 縣令 | Prefect, District Magistrate, County Magistrate |
| 縣長 | Chief, County Magistrate, District Magistrate |
| 相國 | Chancellor of State, Counselor-in-Chief |
| 校尉 | Colonel, Commandant |
| 議郎 | (Gentleman) Consultant, Court Gentleman for Consultation |
| 尹 | Governor, Intendant |
| 右中郎將 | General of the Gentlemen-of-the-Household of the Right, General of the Palace Gentlemen of the Right, General of the Household of the Right, Leader of Court Gentlemen of the Right, Leader of the Gentlemen of the Palace of the Right |
| 羽林 | Feathered Forest imperial guard(s), The Forest of Feathers guards, Palace Guard, Elite Yulin Corps |
| 御史大夫 | Grandee Secretary, Imperial Counsellor, Censor-in-Chief |
| 長史 | Chief Clerk, Aide |
| 正 | Director, Supervisor, Head |
| 執金吾 | Bearer of the (Gilded) Mace, Chief of Police, Chamberlain for the Imperial Insignia, Superintendent of the Capital |
| 治粟內史 | Clerk of the Capital for Grain, Clerk of the Capital for Supplies, Secretary of the Interior, Chamberlain for the National Treasury, Superintendent of Agriculture |
| 中郎將 | General of the (Gentlemen-of-the-)Household, General of the Palace Gentlemen, Leader of Court Gentlemen, Leader of the Gentlemen of the Palace |
| 中散大夫 | Palace Attendant Grandee, Palace Grandee Without Specified Appointment, Attendant Counsellor, Grand Master of Palace Leisure |
| 中書 | Palace Writer, Palace Secretary |
| 中書官 | Eunuch Palace Writer |
| 中尉 | Commandant of the Capital, Chamberlain for the Imperial Insignia, Superindendant of the Capital |
| 宗正 | Director of the Imperial Clan, Superintendent of the Imperial Clan, Minister of the Imperial Clan, Chamberlain for the Imperial Clan, |
| 左中郎將 | General of the Gentlemen-of-the-Household of the Left, General of the Palace Gentlemen of the Left, General of the Household of the Left, Leader of Court Gentlemen of the Left, Leader of the Gentlemen of the Palace of the Left, |
或问“近世名卿”。曰：“若张廷尉之平，隽京兆之见，尹扶风之洁，王子贡之介，斯近世名卿矣。”“将。”曰：“若条侯之守，长平、冠军之征伐，博陆之持重，可谓近世名将矣。”“请问古。”曰：“鼓之以道德，征之以仁义，舆尸、血刃，皆所不为也。”
Englische Übersetzung siehe ctext.org
礼记-大学
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Text
Bearbeiten汤之盘铭曰：“茍日新，日日新，又日新。”《康诰》曰：“作新民。”《诗》曰：“周虽旧邦，其命惟新。”是故君子无所不用其极。
Richard Wilhelm
BearbeitenAuf der Badewanne des Tang stand als Inschrift:
»Wenn wirklich neu, dann täglich neu, tagtäglich neu.«
Im Rat an Kang heißt es (Schu Ging IV, 9, 7):
»Schaffe die Menschen neu!«
In den Liedern steht (III, I, 1, 1):
»Obwohl das Reich von Dschou schon alt, ist seine Weltbestimmung dennoch neu.«
So kennt der Edle nichts, wobei er nicht sein Äußerstes hergibt.
James Legge
BearbeitenOn the bathing tub of Tang, the following words were engraved: "If you can one day renovate yourself, do so from day to day. Yea, let there be daily renovation." In the Announcement to Kang, it is said, "To stir up the new people." In the Book of Poetry, it is said, "Although Zhou was an ancient state the ordinance which lighted on it was new." Therefore, the superior man in everything uses his utmost endeavors.
中国历史
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春秋战国时期学术思想比较自由，史称百家争鸣。出现多位对之后中国有深远影响的思想家（诸子百家），例如老子、孔子、墨子、庄子、孟子、荀子、韩非等人。出现很多学术流派，较出名的有十大家，即道家（自然）、儒家（伦理）、阴阳家（星象占卜）、法家（法治）、名家（修辞辩论）、墨家（兼爱非攻）、杂家（合各家所长）、农家（君民同耕）、小说家（道听途说）等。
文化上出现了中国最早的诗歌总集诗经。战争史上出现的杰出兵法家有孙武（孙子兵法）、司马穰苴（司马法）、孙膑（孙膑兵法）、吴起（吴子兵法）、尉缭（尉缭子）等等。
Übersetzungshilfe
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