Vokabeltexte Chinesisch/ Vokabellektionen/ Lektion 864

Zeichen

Zeichen	Pinyin	Übersetzung	Lernhilfen
鞶	pan2	Ledergürtel, um Kleidung festzumachen	wiktionary Etymologie:
褫	chi3	ausziehen, aberkennen, berauben	wiktionary Etymologie:
陨	yun3	(vom Himmel) fallen, absinken, Meteor	wiktionary Etymologie:
诀	jue2	Trick, Kniff, Abschied nehmen, Reimspruch	wiktionary Etymologie:
凋	diao1	verwelken, versetzen, verlegen, bewegen, Akzent, Tonart, Ton	wiktionary Etymologie:

Zusammengesetzte Wörter

褫

Zeichen	Pinyin	Übersetzung
褫夺	chi3 duo2	to deprive, to strip of

陨

Zeichen	Pinyin	Übersetzung
陨落	yun3 luo4	vom Himmel fallen
陨石	yun3 shi2	Meteorit
陨星	yun3 xing1	Meteorit, Sternschnuppe
铁陨石	tie3 yun3 shi2	Eisenmeteorit, Siderolith
陨石坑	yun3 shi2 keng1	Aufbrecher, Aufbrecherin
流星陨石	liu2 xing1 yun3 shi2	Meteorit
球粒陨石	qiu2 li4 yun3 shi2	Chondrit
月球陨石	yue4 qiu2 yun3 shi2	Mondmeteorit
无球粒陨石	wu2 qiu2 li4 yun3 shi2	Achondrit (ein Meteorit)
碳质球粒陨石	tan4 zhi4 qiu2 li4 yun3 shi2	Kohliger Chondrit

诀

Zeichen	Pinyin	Übersetzung
口诀	kou3 jue2	Merkvers
诀窍	jue2 qiao4	Kniff
秘诀	mi4 jue2	Erfolgsgeheimnis
诀别	jue2 bie2	Abschied nehmen, sich für immer trennen
妙诀	miao4 jue2	Kniff
要诀	yao4 jue2	Schlüssel
六字诀	liu4 zi4 jue2	6 heiligen Laute
成功秘诀	cheng2 gong1 mi4 jue2	Erfolgsrezept
技术诀窍	ji4 shu4 jue2 qiao4	Knowhow

凋

Zeichen	Pinyin	Übersetzung
凋亡	diao1 wang2	programmierter Zelltod
凋落	diao1 luo4	to wither (and drop off), to wilt, to pass away
凋零	diao1 ling2	withered, wilted, to wither, to fade, to decay
凋敝	diao1 bi4	impoverished, destitute, hard, depressed (of business), tattered, ragged
凋谢	diao1 xie4	to wither, to wilt, wizened
凋謝	diao1 xie4	(traditionelle Schreibweise von 凋谢), to wither, to wilt, wizened
不凋花	bu4 diao1 hua1	Fuchsschwanz
细胞凋亡	xi4 bao1 diao1 wang2	Apoptose
細胞凋亡	xi4 bao1 diao1 wang2	(traditionelle Schreibweise von 细胞凋亡), Apoptose

Sätze

鞶

Zeichen	Pinyin	Übersetzung

褫

Zeichen	Pinyin	Übersetzung

陨

Zeichen	Pinyin	Übersetzung
马尼夸根湖是加拿大魁北克的环形湖，是2亿年前一场巨大冲击形成的陨石坑遗迹。		Der ringförmige Manicouagan-See im kanadischen Québec ist der letzte Rest des Kraters eines über 200 Millionen Jahre zurückliegenden, gewaltigen Meteoriteneinschlags. (Mandarin, Tatoeba verdastelo9604 Pfirsichbaeumchen )

诀

Zeichen	Pinyin	Übersetzung
很多人问我，青春的诀别是否意味着年迈的将近。		A lot of people ask me whether bidding goodbye to youth means old age is near. (Mandarin, Tatoeba sadhen szilviez )

凋

Zeichen	Pinyin	Übersetzung
秋天的时候，树叶变色凋落。		Im Herbst verändern die Blätter ihre Farbe und fallen ab. (Mandarin, Tatoeba notabene Manfredo )
花凋谢了。		Die Blumen verwelkten. (Mandarin, Tatoeba sirpoot RandomUsername )

Lückentexte

the marco polo project: 观音韵

茶叶源于中国，所以全世界各种语言里的茶，都来自中国的两大方言系统。日文、葡萄牙文、俄罗斯文、土耳其文和阿拉伯文学的是广东话，德文、法文、英文与荷兰文里的茶则来自福建话。仔细看看这些语言的关係，可以看出中国茶叶输出的路线图。比方走海路的那一套，就全是福建 Herkunft，例如英文里的tea。

英国人喜欢福建茶，很早就把大茶（Bohea）和工夫茶（Congou）奉为桌上珍品。于是我们就能 verstehen 福州这麽小的一座城市，历来都不算是贸易重港，为甚麽偏偏会在清末列入通商五口的理由了。

“三坊七巷”，如今是福州的胜地，全国重点文物保护单位，才四十公顷的面积，大不过故宫。但它却绝对当得上地灵人杰四个字，几百年来不知出过多少人才，至今还能在那石板路上感到前朝的履痕，古房的 Gesims 里 riechen 时间的 Parfüm。到了近代，三坊七巷就更是不得了，里头的邻居全是 weit und breit bekannt 的人物，戏台上你方归来，我这头就预好登台亮相。林则徐、沉 Baozhen、左 Zongshang、郑孝胥、陈 Baochen、Yan Fu 和冰心，全是这里的街坊。

还有林觉民，他的《与妻诀别书》曾是唯一同时出现在两岸中文课本的名篇。其故居自然也是爱国主义教育基地，陈列了那方有名的手帕 Repliken。台湾的老兵来了，眼睛不好使，看不见上头的 winzigkleine 字，可是他们都会背：“吾爱汝至，汝幸而偶我，又何不幸而生今日之中国；吾幸而得汝，又何不幸而生今日之中国，卒不忍独善其身，嗟夫！纸短情长，所未尽者尚有万千……”一边背他们一边流泪，才二十多岁的大好青年，就此绝命黄花岗。而这座老宅，香港爱国商人李嘉诚本来要 abreißen（他已经买下并且毁了三坊七巷整条老街），只是他要转移资金 für die Entwicklung 故宫的北京新东方广场，才留下了拆剩的两进房。中国呀，从来都是一个老人埋没年青人的国度。

往事太沉重，国事太伤心，我们还是说回茶吧。话说英国本来也和欧陆一样，欢迎咖啡多过茶。直到十八世纪初期，荷兰人在爪哇广植咖啡田，价格远远低过英国东印度公司行销的摩卡咖啡，抢去后者绝大部分的市场。英国人这才转移焦点专攻茶叶，使得茶叶价格下降，销量大增，成为英国国饮。十九世纪中叶，福州取代广州，是中国茶叶贸易第一大港。那时候的三坊七巷 Handelshafen 林集，大茶庄之外，还有洋行银楼 aneinandergereiht wie Fischschuppen，顿时多了一座座西风洋楼。或许是华洋杂处的缘故吧，福州才出了这麽多洋务重臣，才有 Yan Fu 这批中国第一代留学生。要等到英国人在锡兰和印度开的茶园成了气候，福州的华景才稍稍 fade。据说，印度茶叶的味道更浓厚，适合加糖加奶，相比之下，武夷山的茶还是 milder 点。

他们的茶寡？福建人可不这麽想。英国人来了又走了，曾经远达澳洲美国的最后一班快船也早已停航。他们为 die stark kämpfend für 中兴名臣而骄傲，也为推倒清廷的殉难烈士而心碎。但这 Tasse 茶，始终是要喝的，并且愈喝愈讲究。今天的福建人喝茶如喝葡萄酒，有赛茶大会。这个尝一口，说得出是哪一座山的名品，那年七月雨水多；那个试一 Schluck，沉吟半响，探问该不会是卢师傅炒的茶吧？神乎其技，令人叹服。我曾经问过友人，茶味极品是甚麽，他们答曰：“观音韵”。何谓观音韵？只见炉火香烟 wie delikat sie waren，朋友放下茶杯轻轻摇头说：“说不清，道不明，言语无法形容”。

Liang Wendao

Übersetzung

Guanyin Tea

Tea leaves originated in China and therefore, in all of the world’s languages, the word for tea comes from one of two Chinese dialects. Japanese, Portuguese, Russian, Turkish, and Arabic use the Cantonese word, and German, French, English and Dutch use the word from the Fujian dialect. By looking more closely at the relationships between these langues, you can see the trade map of Chinese tea production. For instance, the boxes that left by sea all came from Fujian, like the English tea.

English people like Fujian tea, and from very early on, they have regarded “Da” tea (Bohea) and Gongfu tea (Congou) as real table treasures. So we can understand how Fuzhou, though it’s a small city which never was a key harbour through history, was entered into the list of trade ports at the end of the Qing dynasty.

The “San Fang Qi Xiang” (literally Three Lanes and Seven Alleys) area is the historical precinct of Fuzhou, protected by the National key Cultural Relics Unit, and with only 40 hectares, is much smaller than the National Palace museum in Beijing. However, this is definitely a remarkable place that produces outstanding people – countless talents have walked here in hundreds of years, and even now one can feel the weight of history on the cobble roads, and detect the perfume of time in old houses. Towards contemporary periods, the people of “San Fang Qi Xiang” are even more renowned. Each period has seen someone famous from San Fang Qi Xiang: Lin Zexu, Chen Baozhen, Zuo Zongshang, Zheng Xiaoxu, Chen Baochen, Yanfu, and Bingxin, are all from this neighbourhood.

There’s also Lin Juemin. His “Goodbye to my wife” was the only text to appear among chosen extracts in text books on both sides of the Straits. His former residence was naturally converted to a centre for patriotic education, where they exhibit a replica of his famous handkerchief. When veterans from Taiwan visit, and deteriorating eyesight prevents them from being able to read the tiny characters, they nonetheless recite from memory: “To my love, you were lucky to meet me, but unlucky to be born in today’s China; I was lucky to meet you, but unlucky to be born in today’s China. We can’t just take care of our own fates after all. I cannot express all of my love on this short piece of paper, there are thousands and tens of thousands more words which I want to say…” sic. They recite and they silently weep for the young bright activist that lost his life at Huanghuagang. As for his old residence, it was purchased and was going to be demolished by Li Ka-Shing, the “patriotic” Hong Kong businessman (Li had already bought and ruined most of the streets in San Fang Qi Xiang), but fortunately saved when Li needed to direct his funds towards development in the New Orient Square of the Imperial Palace. China has always been a place where the elders bury the young.

The past is too heavy, the affairs of the State are too sad, and so we still come back to the teahouse. England used to be like Continental Europe, and preferred coffee to tea. In the early 18th Century, coffee planted by the Dutch in the fields of Java was traded at a price much lower than England’s East India Company’s Moka, and they snatched most of the market from them. The English at this point shifted their focus and specialised in tea, which led to lower prices, increased volumes of sales, and tea becoming England’s national drink. In the mid-19th century, Fuzhou replaced Guangzhou as China’s biggest tea-trading port. This is when the trading port of San Fang Qi Xiang was set up, and apart from the Big Teahouse, there were rows of foreign banks like fish scales, sudden large numbers of Western style buildings. Or perhaps it is because of this ‘East meet West’ quality that Fuzhou produced so many Foreign Ministers under the Qing, and Yan Fu, this first Chinese student to study abroad. Only when the British tea gardens in Ceylon and India became fashionable did the magnificent scenery of Fuzhou become just a little bland. People say that the taste of Indian tea is stronger, more suited for tea and sugar, and in comparison Wuyi Mountain tea appeared as a bit mild.

Is their tea weak? Fujian people do not think so. The British came and went, and the last clippers who used to travel as far as Australia and America also disappeared. They’re proud of the great ministers who brought back vitality 中兴名臣, and heartbroken about the martyrs who fell when fighting against the Manchus. But this cup of tea, you still want to drink it, and the more you drink, the more you care about it. Fujian people today drink tea like others drink wine, and they have great tea competitions. One connoisseur takes one sip and tells you which mountain produced the tea, and whether it was rainy in July of that year; another aficionado savours briefly, pauses, and asks if the tea was dry cooked by a specific Master Lu. Their accuracy and expertise draw much awe and admiration. I once asked a friend, what is the best thing about its flavour, and he replied with a smile: “The charm of the Goddess of Mercy Guanyin” And what is the charm of the Goddess of Mercy? I saw the delicate embers of the cigarette, my friend put down his cup gently and shook his head: “It’s inexplicable, and words cannot describe it”.

Julien Leyre website

Texte

Wikinews 英国发布不明飞行物调查报告

【2006年5月8日讯】英国国防部将在本月15日公布一份对可能存在之不明飞行物(UFO)的调查报告。2000年, 这份报告曾作为绝密文件在政府内部发表, 在谢费尔得哈尔曼大学的大卫·克拉克博士援引信息自由法案请求后得以公之于众.

这份报告断言"没有证据显示UFO现象存在敌意或是受控出现, 目前最好的解释是自然物理力量产生 ... 没有证据表明UFO是可能导致撞击灾难的'固形'物体".报告同时认为, UFO上没有外星生物迹象。

报告说, 大部分的UFO现象可以利用陨星和北极光或不为人知的气象学现象来解释, 虽然不是所有的UFO目击现象都能得到解释.

不清楚国防部对飞碟研究了多久, 也不清楚这份报告的作者是谁。不过，英国国防部说，除非有确凿证据，今后不太可能再搞这种研究了。

Noch keine Übersetzung

Yi Jing 易經訟 Song Der Streit

Text

九五：訟元吉。

上九：或錫之鞶帶，終朝三褫之。

Richard Wilhelm

Neun auf fünftem Platz bedeutet: Streiten vor ihm bringt erhabenes Heil.

Oben eine Neun bedeutet: Wenn einem etwa auch ein Ledergürtel verliehen wird, am Ende eines Morgens wird er ihm dreimal entrissen.

James Legge

The fifth NINE, undivided, shows its subject contending - and with great good fortune.

The topmost NINE, undivided, shows how its subject may have the leathern belt conferred on him (by the sovereign), and thrice it shall be taken from him in a morning.

夏朝

天文历法

夏人可能已经掌握许多天文、历法知识。《左传·昭公十七年》引自《尚书·夏书》道，“辰不集于房”，指太阳不在房屋的上空完整出现，这便是目前发现的中国最早关于日食的记载。《竹书纪年》载夏桀十五年时，“夜中星陨如雨”，又是中国最早关于流星雨的记录。《太平御览》引《孝经钩命诀》道，“（禹时，五）星累累如贯珠，炳炳若连璧。”，记录夏初期曾发生罕见的金、木、水、火、土“五星聚”的天文现象。夏朝晚期的三位君主，胤甲（廑）、孔甲、履癸（桀），都以天干为名，这种做法近似商朝君王的命名方式，如若实为夏时称谓而非殷周人附会的别名，则可以说明干支纪日法在夏晚期已经出现。根据《竹书纪年》，夏商更替之际，谈到了“黄色的青蛙、昏暗的调养、三个太阳、七月结霜和五谷凋零”等奇异现象，有学者认为这是记录了米诺斯火山爆发。

《论语》中孔子主张“行夏之时”，至今中国传统农历还有别名“夏历”，这些迹象可以说明夏时为农业生产需要，结合积累的天文知识编成简单的历法。“夏历”在《诗经》、《左传》、《竹书纪年》等先秦文献中都有记载，至少在周初的唐国（即晋国）境内通用。《大戴礼记》引述的一篇《夏小正》，其经文部分文句简奥，不似东周文风，最迟成书于春秋早期，是中国最早的历书，对各个月份的物候、气候、星象信息做了简单的记录。《夏小正》根据月球的盈亏将一年分作十二个月，但没有五年置二闰月的迹象，亦无四季的分别。在五月记载“时有养日”，在十月记载“时有养夜”，《左传》注解“养者长也”，说明《夏小正》的五月份里有白昼最长的一天（即夏至），十月份里有黑夜最长的一天（即冬至），然而华北平原的冬至应在十一月而非十月，说明这种历法尚不准确，制成年代比较原始。

Übersetzungshilfe

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