Field as a vector space – Serlo

Let be a field. We now consider as a vector space over itself.

Introduction

Bearbeiten

From school we already know the vector space   over the field  . The vectors in   have the form   with  . We can consider the vectors in a 3-dimensional coordinate system. Since   is a vector space, we can add and scale vectors.

We also know the vector space  . The vectors in   have the form   with  . We can get   from   by deleting one of the coordinates   (e.g., the last one). Illustratively, we then go from the 3-dimensional coordinate system to the   plane. So when omitting a coordinate from  , the vector space structure is conserved. What happens if we delete another coordinate?

For example, if we omit the second coordinate of  , only   remains and we get an element in  . Illustratively, we thus go from the   plane to the   axis. Again, when deleting a coordinate, the vector space structure should not be broken.

We can add and scale the elements in   (just like vectors), because for all   we have   and for all   and   it holds that  .

Now our field   should be an  -vector space. Visually, this vector space is the number line.

We can apply this idea to an arbitrary field  , since also in an arbitrary   we can add elements and multiply them by scalars in  . Therefore, we conjecture that   is a  -vector space.

Definition of the vector space structure

Bearbeiten

Let   be a field. Then we can define an addition and a scalar multiplication.

Definition (Vector space structure on  )

We define an addition   on   by

 

Similarly, we define a scalar multiplication   via

 

The field is a vector space over itself

Bearbeiten

Theorem (  is a vector space)

  is a  -vector space .

How to get to the proof? (  is a vector space)

We proceed as in the article Proofs for vector spaces.

Proof (  is a vector space)

So now we have to establish the eight Vector space axioms.

Proof step: Associativity of addition

Let  .

Then:

 

This shows the associativity of the addition.

Proof step: Commutativity of addition

Let  .

Then:

 

This shows the commutativity of the addition.

Proof step: Neutral element of addition

We now have to show that there is a neutral element   with respect to  , that is,   for all  . It is natural to use the zero element of the field   as the neutral element.

Let  . Then:

 

Thus we have shown that   is the neutral element of the addition. In the following we will therefore simply write   for the neutral element.

Proof step: Inverse with respect to addition

Let  . We have to show that there is a   such that   .

It is natural to choose   as the inverse in   with respect to  , i.e., we choose  

Then:

 

Thus we have shown that for any   there is a   with  .

Proof step: Scalar distributive law

Let   and  .

Then:

 

Thus the scalar distributive law is shown.

Proof step: Vectorial distributive law

Let   and  .

Then:

 

Thus the vectorial distributive law is shown.

Proof step: Assoziativität bezüglich Multiplikation

Let   and  .

Then:

 

This shows the associative law for multiplication.

Proof step: Unitary law

Let  .

Then:

 

Thus we have shown the unitary law.

With this we have established all eight vector space axioms and thus   is a   vector space.