Benutzer:Klaus Piotrik Qais Felli-Littmann/Installation Debian Stretch von Kimsufi Rescue (Oktober 2019)
Vorbereitung der Installationspartitionen
BearbeitenBei dem am 31.10.2019 verwendeten Rescue-System handelt es sich um Debian 8 "Jessie".
# Set the language environment
export LANGUAGE=C;export LC_ALL=C;export LANG=C
# Booting the rescue systems gives you a complete linux system that is running on your server without using your harddisk.
# First get the network data of your server: ifconfig and save network data like IP, gateway, mac, etc.
root@rescue:~# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:22:4d:84:8e:35
inet addr:5.39.80.228 Bcast:5.39.80.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::222:4dff:fe84:8e35/64 Scope:Link
inet6 addr: 2001:41d0:8:92e4::1/128 Scope:Global
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:59053 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:29268 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:55407592 (52.8 MiB) TX bytes:4654492 (4.4 MiB)
Interrupt:16 Memory:d0400000-d0420000
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
root@rescue:~# netstat -nr
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface
0.0.0.0 5.39.80.254 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
5.39.80.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
[ 5.551988] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready
[ 5.552065] 8021q: adding VLAN 0 to HW filter on device eth0
[ 7.489334] e1000e: eth0 NIC Link is Up 100 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None
[ 7.489541] e1000e 0000:01:00.0 eth0: 10/100 speed: disabling TSO
[ 7.489865] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth0: link becomes ready
# Second step is to get rid of the network drives, because they are read-only
root@rescue:~# top
KiB Mem: 4005448 total, 277324 used, 3728124 free, 68528 buffers
KiB Swap: 0 total, 0 used, 0 free. 64952 cached Mem
swapon /dev/sdb4 # use your own swap on the intact disk
KiB Mem: 4005448 total, 283656 used, 3721792 free, 68532 buffers
KiB Swap: 8387580 total, 0 used, 8387580 free. 65144 cached Mem
root@rescue:~# mdadm /dev/md2 --fail /dev/sda3 --remove /dev/sda3
mdadm: set /dev/sda3 faulty in /dev/md3
mdadm: hot removed /dev/sda3 from /dev/md3
root@rescue:~# mdadm /dev/md2 --fail /dev/sda2 --remove /dev/sda2
mdadm: set /dev/sda2 faulty in /dev/md2
mdadm: hot removed /dev/sda2 from /dev/md2
root@rescue:/mnt# mdadm /dev/md1 --fail /dev/sda1 --remove /dev/sda1
mdadm: set /dev/sda1 faulty in /dev/md1
mdadm: hot removed /dev/sda1 from /dev/md1
root@rescue:~# cd /mnt
root@rescue:/mnt# mkdir md2
root@rescue:/mnt# ls -al
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 80 Oct 31 02:54 .
drwxr-xr-x 35 root root 360 Oct 31 02:54 ..
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 40 Oct 31 02:54 md2
mount /dev/md2 /mnt/md2
mount /dev/md3 /mnt/md2/var/
mount /dev/md1 /mnt/md2/boot/
root@rescue:/mnt# gdisk -l /dev/sda
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.10
Partition table scan:
MBR: MBR only
BSD: not present
APM: not present
GPT: not present
***************************************************************
Found invalid GPT and valid MBR; converting MBR to GPT format
in memory.
***************************************************************
Disk /dev/sda: 3907029168 sectors, 1.8 TiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 147A7BF1-16D4-4C97-92D9-A779F56C5533
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 3907029134
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 14445 sectors (7.1 MiB)
Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name
1 4096 1050623 511.0 MiB FD00 Linux RAID
2 1050624 410648575 195.3 GiB FD00 Linux RAID
3 410648576 3890243583 1.6 TiB FD00 Linux RAID
4 3890243584 3907018751 8.0 GiB 8200 Linux swap
root@rescue:/mnt# sgdisk -Z /dev/sda
GPT data structures destroyed! You may now partition the disk using fdisk or
other utilities.
root@rescue:/mnt# gdisk /dev/sda
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.10
Partition table scan:
MBR: not present
BSD: not present
APM: not present
GPT: not present
Creating new GPT entries.
Nachdem die verschiedenen Partitionen angelegt wurden ist die Platte so partitioniert:
root@rescue:/mnt# sgdisk -p /dev/sda
Disk /dev/sda: 3907029168 sectors, 1.8 TiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 932BDC61-6EA9-474E-9579-1A3834803FA1
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 3907029134
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 2014 sectors (1007.0 KiB)
Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name | Vorgesehener Mountpoint | md
1 2048 4095 1024.0 KiB EF02 BIOS boot partition
2 4096 516095 250.0 MiB FD00 Linux RAID /boot md12
3 516096 419946495 200.0 GiB FD00 Linux RAID /home md13
4 419946496 430432255 5.0 GiB FD00 Linux RAID /var md14
5 430432256 438820863 4.0 GiB FD00 Linux RAID /tmp md15
6 438820864 447209471 4.0 GiB FD00 Linux RAID md16
7 447209472 3907029134 1.6 TiB FD00 Linux RAID / md17
root@rescue:/mnt# mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sda2
mdadm: Unrecognised md component device - /dev/sda2
root@rescue:/mnt# mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sda3
mdadm: Unrecognised md component device - /dev/sda3
root@rescue:/mnt# mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sda4
mdadm: Unrecognised md component device - /dev/sda4
root@rescue:/mnt# mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sda5
mdadm: Unrecognised md component device - /dev/sda5
root@rescue:/mnt# mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sda7
mdadm: Unrecognised md component device - /dev/sda7
Die Fehlermeldung ist an dieser Stelle völlig normal.
mdadm --create /dev/md12 --bitmap=internal --level=1 --metadata=0.90 --raid-disks=2 /dev/sda2 missing
root@rescue:~# mdadm --create /dev/md13 --bitmap=internal --level=1 --raid-disks=2 /dev/sda3 missing
mdadm: Note: this array has metadata at the start and
may not be suitable as a boot device. If you plan to
store '/boot' on this device please ensure that
your boot-loader understands md/v1.x metadata, or use
--metadata=0.90
Continue creating array? yes
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md13 started.
So weiter mit den Partitionen bis 7.
Das Ergebnis lässt man sich zur Kontrolle anzeigen:
root@rescue:~# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [linear] [raid0] [raid1] [raid10] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [multipath] [faulty]
md17 : active raid1 sda7[0]
1729778752 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
bitmap: 0/13 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md16 : active raid1 sda6[0]
4190208 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md15 : active raid1 sda5[0]
4190208 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md14 : active raid1 sda4[0]
5238784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md13 : active raid1 sda3[0]
209584128 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
bitmap: 0/2 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md12 : active raid1 sda2[0]
255936 blocks [2/1] [U_]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md1 : active raid1 sdb1[1]
523200 blocks [2/1] [_U]
md2 : active raid1 sdb2[1]
204798912 blocks [2/1] [_U]
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
md3 : active raid1 sdb3[1]
1739797440 blocks [2/1] [_U]
bitmap: 7/13 pages [28KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
Anlegen des Dateisystems
Bearbeitenmkfs.ext4 /dev/md12 ... mkswap /dev/md16
Filesystemcheck abschalten
Bearbeitennano /etc/init.d/checkfs.sh von: fscheck="yes" auf: fscheck="no"
Einbinden der RAID-Festplatte
Bearbeitencd /mnt mkdir ziel root@rescue:/mnt# mount -t ext4 /dev/md17 /mnt/ziel root@rescue:/mnt# mkdir -p ziel/boot root@rescue:/mnt# mount -t ext4 /dev/md12 /mnt/ziel/boot root@rescue:/mnt# mkdir -p ziel/home root@rescue:/mnt# mount -t ext4 /dev/md13 /mnt/ziel/home root@rescue:/mnt# mkdir -p ziel/var root@rescue:/mnt# mount -t ext4 /dev/md14 /mnt/ziel/var root@rescue:/mnt# mkdir -p ziel/tmp root@rescue:/mnt# mount -t ext4 /dev/md15 /mnt/ziel/tmp <pre> == Installation von Debian == mkdir debinst apt-get install debootstrap /usr/sbin/debootstrap --arch amd64 stretch /mnt/debinst http://ftp.be.debian.org/debian mount ergibt dann nach dem mounten folgendes: /dev/md1 on /mnt/md2/boot type ext4 (rw,relatime) /dev/md123 on /mnt/target type ext4 (rw,relatime) /dev/md124 on /mnt/target/tmp type ext4 (rw,relatime) /dev/md125 on /mnt/target/var type ext4 (rw,relatime) /dev/md126 on /mnt/target/home type ext4 (rw,relatime) /dev/md127 on /mnt/target/boot type ext4 (rw,relatime)
Der debootstrap-Vorgang
Bearbeitenroot@rescue:/mnt# apt-get install debootstrap debootstrap --arch=amd64 stretch /target http://ftp.fr.debian.org/debian/
Am Ende muss die Meldung erscheinen:
I: Base system installed successfully.
Das neue System einrichten
Bearbeitenmount -o bind /proc /target/proc mount -o bind /dev /target/dev mount -o bind /dev/pts /target/dev/pts mount -o bind /sys /target/sys chroot /target bash ls -al /etc/apt
zeigt die Struktur wie bei Debian an
cat /etc/apt/sources.list
zeigt deb http://ftp.fr.debian.org/debian stretch main
da fehlen also contrib und non-free, ich ergänze diese um später keine Einschränkungen zu haben, mit nano
apt-get update apt-get install console-data console-common tzdata locales keyboard-configuration
nun kommt das Menü Configuring console-data
dpkg-reconfigure locales apt-get install linux-image-amd64 intel-microcode
Hierbei kamen Meldungen: Possible missing Firmware
apt-get install firmware-misc-nonfree firmware-netxen firmware-realtek
hat mich dann von diesen befreit
dpkg-reconfigure tzdata console-data console-common keyboard-configuration apt-get install man lm-sensors inxi mdadm ssh passwd
man war nicht installiert